AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional - Free Practice Tests

This AWS practice test helps you to pass the following AWS exams and can also helps you to revise the AWS concepts if you are preparing for AWS interviews.

AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional
AWS Certified Solutions Architect Associate
AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner

Below AWS practice tests has two different Modes

Learning Mode: 25 questions per test with answers and explanation, no time limit, repeat tests
Exam Mode: 75 questions per test (similar to real AWS exam), 180 minutes, repeat tests

AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional – Learning Mode

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1 votes, 5 avg

AWS Certified Solutions Architect Professional - Learning Mode

1 / 25

Your organization is thinking of running parts of their workload on AWS while keeping the critical and sensitive servers on-premises with continuous connectivity between instances in AWS and corporate data center. In such a hybrid cloud environment what are the minimum requirements to maintain resilient continuous connectivity between AWS and corporate data center?

A primary direct connect line connected to at least two routers in the corporate data center

A primary and a backup direct connect line connected to the primary router in the corporate data center

A primary direct connect line and a VPN connection for backup connected to the corporate primary router

A primary and a backup direct connect line and at least two routers in the corporate data center

Explanation

In Hybrid cloud environment where connectivity between AWS and Corporate datacenter is critical, redundant active/active or active/passive configurations should be implemented for connectivity resources. redundancy has to be on both sides (AWS and On-premises) hence the minimum requirements to implement this architecture is two direct connect lines and two customer devices (ideally in two different data centers)

Explanation

2 / 25

You are an engineer at a large bank, responsible for managing your firm’s AWS infrastructure. As the environment and number of active resources continue to grow, your finance team is having a difficult time attributing your AWS costs to the various business units. How can you help the finance team assign costs to the correct business units? (Choose 2 answers)

Give them access to TCO calculator.

Enable Cost and Usage reports.

Set up consolidated billing

Tag all resources with the appropriate business unit.

Explanation

By tagging all resources with the business unit and enabling detailed billing reports, you would enable the finance team to run cost reports by business unit.

Explanation

By tagging all resources with the business unit and enabling detailed billing reports, you would enable the finance team to run cost reports by business unit.

3 / 25

A user manages a running MySQL RDS instance that will not be used for the next three months. What is the most effective way to avoid costs for the database, and allow it to be used in three months time? (Choose 2 answers)

Create a manual snapshot of the DB instance

Save the most recent snapshot from RDS automated backup

Delete the DB instance

Stop the RDS instance

Explanation

Because the user needs to stop the instance for 3 months, the most cost-effective option is to create a manual snapshot of the RDS instance to launch later, and terminate the current RDS instance. Stopping the instance is not ideal in this case because the instance will be restarted automatically by Amazon after seven days. Amazon will also charge for provisioned and backup storage.

The best option is to create a manual snapshot of the instance, which can be stored for any length of time, and will not be deleted if the original instance is deleted. Note an automatic snapshot has a limited retention period, and will be deleted if the original instance is deleted. The user will only be charged for storage in this case if the user exceeds his/her default storage space

Explanation

4 / 25

Your team has found that a client's load balancer needs to be configured with support for SSL offload using the default security policy. When negotiating the SSL connections between the client and the load balancer, you want the load balancer to determine which cipher is used for the SSL connection. Which actions perform this process on the load balancer? (Choose 3 answers)

Enable SSL offload.

Choose the server order preference option

Select the default security policy.

Select a client configuration preference option

Explanation

Elastic Load Balancing uses a Secure Socket Layer (SSL) negotiation configuration, known as a security policy, to negotiate SSL connections between a client and the load balancer. A security policy is a combination of SSL protocols, SSL ciphers, and the Server Order Preference option.

Explanation

5 / 25

One of your customers is a large multi-national company whose infrastructure on AWS has grown significantly over the past year. The CIO has come to you asking how the huge amount of data that is being generated can be accessed in real-time which would give them a significant edge over all of their competitors. You know that AWS can provide a range of analytics but which of the following would be best to try and accomplish this?

Amazon EMR

Amazon Kinesis

AWS Data Pipeline

Amazon Elasticsearch

Explanation

Amazon Kinesis is a fully managed service for real-time processing of streaming data at massive scale. Amazon Kinesis can continuously capture and store terabytes of data per hour from hundreds of thousands of sources such as website clickstreams, financial transactions, social media feeds, IT logs, and location-tracking events. With Amazon Kinesis Client Library (KCL), you can build Amazon Kinesis Applications and use streaming data to power real-time dashboards, generate alerts, implement dynamic pricing and advertising, and more.

Explanation

6 / 25

When you force a failover of your DB instance in RDS, which of the following things does RDS do? (Choose 2 answers)

Allocates a new Elastic IP which points to the new replica

Automatically switches to a standby replica in another Availability Zone if you have enabled Multi-AZ

Automatically switches to a standby replica in another region

Updates the DNS record for the DB instance to point to the standby DB instance

Explanation

When you force a failover of your DB instance, Amazon RDS automatically switches to a standby replica in another Availability Zone if you have enabled Multi-AZ. The time it takes for the failover to complete depends on the database activity and other conditions at the time the primary DB instance became unavailable. Failover times are typically 60-120 seconds. However, large transactions or a lengthy recovery process can increase failover time. When the failover is complete, it can take additional time for the RDS console UI to reflect the new Availability Zone.

The failover mechanism automatically changes the DNS record of the DB instance to point to the standby DB instance. As a result, you will need to re-establish any existing connections to your DB instance.

Explanation

7 / 25

You are designing monitoring and operation management for your environment on AWS and in the process of deciding which metrics to start with for your monitoring. Which of the following metrics should be included in your initial monitoring plan at a minimum? (Choose 3 answers)

Disk Performance (Read and Write OPS)

Volume Queue Length

CPU Utilization

Memory Utilization

Explanation

To establish a baseline you should, at a minimum, monitor the following items:

CPU Utilization
Memory Utilization
Network Utilization
Disk Performance
Disk Space.

Explanation

To establish a baseline you should, at a minimum, monitor the following items:

CPU Utilization
Memory Utilization
Network Utilization
Disk Performance
Disk Space.

8 / 25

You are a DBA at a rapidly growing company and you want to shorten failover time for your Amazon RDS SQL Server database. Which strategies will shorten failover time? (Choose 2 answers)

Use larger transactions.

Ensure you have provisioned sufficient IOPS.

Use smaller transactions

Configure the health check using shorter intervals.

Explanation

Recovery takes IOPS; therefore, insufficient IOPS will slow down failover time. Database recovery relies on transactions; therefore, smaller transactions will shorten failover time.

Explanation

Recovery takes IOPS; therefore, insufficient IOPS will slow down failover time. Database recovery relies on transactions; therefore, smaller transactions will shorten failover time.

9 / 25

You have been asked to create a new S3 Bucket that will be used by the financial auditing team to store and share some files. There are a lot of different permissions between listing only, read-only and read-write access. You have decided to use resource-based permissions for the flexibility of it. Which statements below are correct with regards to resource-based permissions on your S3 bucket? (Choose 2 answers)

With resource-based permissions, you can define permissions for sub-directories of your bucket separately

An explicit deny in resource-based permissions will overwrite an allow permissions the user might have for the same resource

Resource-based permissions could be attached to a user, role or group

Resource-based permissions are managed policies you can apply directly to your bucket

Explanation

Resource-based permissions are permissions you attach directly to a resource. Resource-level permissions refer to the ability to specify not just what actions users can perform, but which resources they're allowed to perform those actions on. Resource-based policies are inline only, not managed. You can specify resource-based permissions for Amazon S3 buckets, Amazon Glacier vaults, Amazon SNS topics, Amazon SQS queues, and AWS Key Management Service encryption keys.

Explanation

10 / 25

You have begun your migration into Amazon Web Services using the AWS Database Migration Service. You are pleased that there are no errors; however, the migration tasks are running slowly. You review the resources that have been assigned to the AWS DMS replication instance, and they seem to be adequate. Which other task could you perform to help speed up the initial migration tasks?

Increase the IOPs on the replication instance.

Turn off all logging on the target database

Reduce the frequency of automatic backups.

Enable multi-availability zones on the target database instance.

Explanation

Turning off automatic backups or logging on the target database during the migration will help increase the speed of the initial migration load.

Explanation

Turning off automatic backups or logging on the target database during the migration will help increase the speed of the initial migration load.

11 / 25

Due to compliance rules and regulations, your company's workload has to run on dedicated instances. How can you make sure that all EC2 instances created for your workload now and in the future are dedicated instances? (Choose 2 answers)

Create a CloudFormation template that has the EC2 Instance Tenancy attribute as dedicated and always use it to launch any new instance

Create a dedicated Placement Group and associate all new instances with this placement group at launch time. All instances launched in a dedicated placement group will be dedicated

Create a golden AMI of the dedicated instance and enforce this AMI as the base for any new instance in your environment. This guarantees that all instances created based on the AMI will be dedicated

Create your VPCs with instance tenancy of dedicated. This will ensure that all instances launched in VPC are dedicated

Explanation

You can create a VPC with an instance tenancy of dedicated to ensure that all instances launched into the VPC are dedicated instances. Alternatively, you can specify the tenancy of the instance during launch

Explanation

12 / 25

You are migrating your Oracle database using the AWS Database Migration Service. Due to a large amount of data being replicated, you need the replication process to be continuous. What must be changed on your replication instance to use ongoing replication?

Disable backups on the target instance

Enable the Multi-AZ option on the replication instance.

Increase the number of tables that are cached in RAM.

Disable Multi-AZ on the target instance

Explanation

Enabling the Multi-AZ option provides high availability and failover support for the replication instance

Explanation

Enabling the Multi-AZ option provides high availability and failover support for the replication instance

13 / 25

You are looking for a simple way to configure high availability for your EC2 instances. You need to create a plan for replacing unhealthy or failed instances. It is acceptable to have a short amount of downtime to keep costs down. Which process is appropriate for achieving this?

Create a custom AMI of your EC2 instances. Use the custom AMI to create a new EC2 instance if there are issues with a current EC2 instance, and move the EIP to the new instance.

Create a custom AMI and use it to create an Auto Scaling Launch Configuration; then create a “Steady State” auto scaling policy using a minimum of 2 instances and a maximum of 2 instances.

Create a custom AMI of your EC2 instance, and configure a CloudWatch alarm based on StatusCheckFailed_Instance with an EC2 action of “Reboot this instance.”

Create a custom AMI of your EC2 instance, and configure a CloudWatch alarm based on StatusCheckFailed_Instance with an EC2 action of “Recover this instance.”

Explanation

Creating a custom AMI of the instance for which you are trying to provide HA allows you to bring the instance online quickly with no build time. Moving the EIP from the instance, you are replacing to the new instance will send all traffic to the new instance without any change to DNS, which would take time to propagate. Using the AutoRecover option will not replace the unhealthy or failing instance. It will only try to restart it on another host. Creating a “Steady State” Auto Scaling Group would also be a good solution, although using two as a minimum would have a higher cost.

Explanation

14 / 25

You are designing an AWS cloud environment for a new client. You will be responsible for designing and implementing the solution while also training their IT personnel to eventually take over administration of the environment. a major part of your task will be educating them on IAM and how to administer IAM moving forward. Which action can be authorized by IAM and is something for which you will have to prepare training material?

Launching an EC2 instance

Querying a SQL Server database

Querying a DynamoDB database

Connecting to on-premises Active Directory

Explanation

If an IAM user wants to launch an EC2 instance, you need to grant the EC2 RunInstance permission to that user. If the EC2 instance should include an instance profile—that is, if applications in the EC2 instance will be able to get temporary security credentials via an IAM role—the user who launches the EC2 instance must also have the IAM PassRole permission. Not only that, but the user might need PassRole permission to associate a specific role with the EC2 instance.

Explanation

15 / 25

A user has created an application which will be hosted on EC2. The application makes calls to DynamoDB to fetch certain data. The application is using the DynamoDB SDK to connect with from the EC2 instance. Which of the below mentioned statements is true with respect to the best practice for security in this scenario?

The user should create an IAM role, which has EC2 access so that it will allow deploying the application

The user should attach an IAM role with DynamoDB access to the EC2 instance

The user should create an IAM user with DynamoDB and EC2 access. Attach the user with the application so that it does not use the root account credentials

The user should create an IAM user with DynamoDB access and use its credentials within the application to connect with DynamoDB

Explanation

With AWS IAM a user is creating an application which runs on an EC2 instance and makes requests to AWS, such as DynamoDB or S3 calls. Here it is recommended that the user should not create an IAM user and pass the user's credentials to the application or embed those credentials inside the application. Instead, the user should use roles for EC2 and give that role access to DynamoDB /S3. When the roles are attached to EC2, it will give temporary security credentials to the application hostedon that EC2, to connect with DynamoDB / S3.

Explanation

16 / 25

You are creating a custom Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) which will host a mix of public and private instances. An EC2 instance has been deployed to one of the public subnets in this VPC. What are the configurations that have to be implemented to make this instance accessible from the internet? (Choose 3 answers)

Attach an Internet gateway to the VPC and add a default route to the IGW in public subnet's route table

Make sure the instance has a public IP address

Edit security group to allow traffic to and from the internet on required ports

Create a new record set and custom domain name for the new instance in Route 53

Explanation

Public and private subnets, except for the default VPC, do not automatically have Internet access enabled. To enable access to or from the Internet for instances in a VPC subnet, you must do the following:

Attach an Internet gateway to your VPC.
Ensure that your subnet's route table points to the Internet gateway.
Ensure that instances in your subnet have a globally unique IP address (public IPv4 address, Elastic IP address, or IPv6 address).
Ensure that your network access control and security group rules allow the relevant traffic to flow to and from your instance

Explanation

Attach an Internet gateway to your VPC.
Ensure that your subnet's route table points to the Internet gateway.
Ensure that instances in your subnet have a globally unique IP address (public IPv4 address, Elastic IP address, or IPv6 address).
Ensure that your network access control and security group rules allow the relevant traffic to flow to and from your instance

17 / 25

You are developing a static website using S3 for your company’s clients. Your team is configuring the site and has granted public read access. What other steps must they take? (Choose 2 answers)

Specify a default index document

Enable server-side scripting

Create a website page hierarchy

Enable static website hosting.

Explanation

To configure a bucket for static website hosting, you add a website configuration to your bucket. The configuration includes an index document, error documents, redirects of all requests that are intended for the index page, and any conditional redirects. Amazon S3 does not support server-side scripting.

Explanation

18 / 25

You have been charged with investigating cloud security options for your company in light of recent suspected threats. You are aware that certain AWS services can help mitigate DDoS attacks, and you are specifically looking for a service that provides protection from counterfeit requests (Layer 7) or SYN floods (Layer 4). Which services provide this protection? (Choose 2 answers)

Amazon API Gateway

VPC Security Groups

CloudFront with AWS Shield

Route 53

Explanation

Amazon API Gateway automatically protects your backend systems from distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, whether attacked with counterfeit requests (Layer 7) or SYN floods (Layer 3). Additional reading is available here (https://aws.amazon.com/api-gateway/faqs/).

AWS Shield Advanced includes intelligent DDoS attack detection and mitigation for not only for the network layer (layer 3) and transport layer (layer 4) attacks but also for application layer (layer 7) attacks.

NACLs do not provide DDoS mitigation. They are used to control ingress and egress into a subnet based on port and source IP range. Route 53 can protect against DNS based DDoS attacks but does not protect entire layers. Elastic Load Balancing can protect EC2 instances specifically, but not other AWS resources.

Explanation

19 / 25

Your company decided to create AWS Account and start moving some workloads to the cloud. The security team would like to utilize the existing identity and access management system which is based on Active Directory to manage access to the new AWS Account. For that reason you decided to use SAML federation to allow users in local identity and access management system access to AWS Services.

Which of the following are primary components in SAML Federation configuration for the new AWS account? (Choose 2 answers)

IAM trust policy that allows external identity store like Active Directory to be used as the primary IDP for this AWS account

IAM Roles matching Active Directory groups that you would like to allow access to AWS

SAML-Based identity provider has to be available to be used with company's identity store (Active Directory)

Direct Connect or VPN connectivity must be established between AWS and your company's data center

Explanation

To enable SAML-Based federation for AWS Account, the following actions are required

1- Inside your organization's network, you configure your identity store (such as Windows Active Directory) to work with a SAML-based identity provider (IdP) like Windows Active Directory Federation Services

2- In IAM, create a new SAML provider, which is an entity in IAM that holds information about your organization's identity provider.

3- You also need to create roles that will map to allowed groups in company's identity store, members of these groups will be presented with set of roles that map to their group membership to choose which role they would like to assume while logging in to AWS console

Explanation

To enable SAML-Based federation for AWS Account, the following actions are required

2- In IAM, create a new SAML provider, which is an entity in IAM that holds information about your organization's identity provider.

20 / 25

You are responsible for a web application where the web server instances are hosted in auto-scaling group. You discover the following after monitoring your application workload for the past year:

You need a minimum of nine EC2 instances to handle the lowest levels of activity during non-business hours.
During local business hours, you require between 12-16 instances.
Roughly 35 percent of non-business workload involves backend data processing and analysis.

With this information, what recommendations would you make to minimize operating costs while providing the required availability?

Purchase nine convertible reserved instances to handle the minimum workload. Purchase three scheduled reserved instances to run during local business hours. Purchase spot instances to handle additional capacity needs. Purchase scheduled reserved instances to handle the data processing workload

Purchase nine standard reserved instances to handle the minimum workload. Purchase three scheduled reserved instances to run during non-business hours. Purchase spot instances to handle additional capacity needs

Purchase 6 standard reserved instances to handle minimum workload. Purchase 6 scheduled reserved instances to run during local business hours, and on-demand instances to handle additional capacity needs. Purchase spot instances to handle the data processing workload.

Purchase 6 standard reserved instances to handle minimum workload. Purchase 6 convertible reserved instances to run during local business hours, and on-demand instances to handle additional capacity needs. Purchase scheduled reserved instances to handle the data processing workload

Explanation

The spot instances are ideal for the data processing workload during non-business hours, and deducting those instances from your minimum workload requirements leaves roughly six instances that are running all day. Purchase six standard reserved instances to meet this need with the greatest discount. You can then schedule reserved instances to run during business hours to meet the increase, and on-demand instances to scale as needed while providing necessary availability.

Explanation

21 / 25

A customer has a website which shows all the sales available in leading online and brick-and-mortar stores.

Currently, the website's web, application, and database tiers are hosted on five large, on-demand EC2 instances to manage day-to-day traffic. However, from late November through the end of December, the website traffic quadruples the normal rate for various periods, sometimes a few minutes, and sometimes a few hours. During the peaks in activity, the website requires up to 20 large instances.

The level of activity is not predictable. It is also prone to large, sudden spikes at random times based on when various temporary sales are available. The site's traffic can quadruple in a matter of minutes.

Which option is the most cost-effective and achieves better performance to handle these peaks in traffic reliably?

Purchase 5 Scheduled reserved instances immediately. Add 15 on-demand instances to run continuously from late November through the end of December.

Purchase 5 Standard reserved instances immediately. Add ten on-demand instances to run continuously from late November through the end of December. Create an auto scaling group to scale out an additional five instances based on the workload metrics as needed.

Purchase 5 Standard reserved instances immediately. Add five on-demand instances during the from late November through the end of December, and create an auto scaling group to scale out an additional ten instances based on the workload metrics as needed.

Launch ten on-demand instances running continuously, and manually launch ten instances every day during office hours based on workload metrics as needed.

Explanation

AWS provides an on-demand, scalable infrastructure. Amazon EC2 allows the user to launch On-Demand instances and the organization should create an AMI of the running instance. When the organization is experiencing varying loads and the time of the load is not known but it is higher than the routine traffic it is recommended that the organization launches a few instances beforehand and then setups AutoScaling with policies which scale up and down as per the EC2 metrics, such as Network I/O or CPU utilization.

If the organization keeps all ten additional instances as a part of the AutoScaling policy sometimes during a sudden higher load, it may take time to launch instances and may not give optimal performance. This is the reason it is recommended that the organization keeps an additional five instances running and the next five instances scheduled as per the AutoScaling policy for cost-effectiveness.

Additionally, the website has established a baseline of normal workload outside of the peak season, so they can invest in Standard reserved instances to manage this workload and save dramatically on compute resource costs.

Explanation

22 / 25

To provide adequate computer resources for your company portal during busy sales cycles, you have your instances assigned to an EC2 auto scaling group associated with an application load balancer. You are now configuring the health checks for the auto scaling group.

What statement regarding health check configuration options for your auto scaling group is correct?

You can only use ALB health checks as a health check for your auto scaling group

You can use either EC2 Instance Status Checks or ALB health checks for your auto scaling group., but not both simultaneously

You can use both EC2 Instance Status Checks and ALB health checks simultaneously for your auto scaling group

You can only use EC2 Instance Status Checks as a health check for your auto scaling group

Explanation

Both instance status checks and health checks must be enabled before unhealthy instances will be terminated. It is critical that you test not only the saturation and breaking points but also the "normal" traffic profile you expect

Explanation

23 / 25

Your throughput-optimized HDD (st1) EBS volumes do not seem to be performing as expected and your team leader has requested you look into improving their performance.

Which statement regarding the performance of your EBS volumes is incorrect?

Frequent snapshots provide a higher level of data durability and will not degrade the IOPS performance of your application while the snapshot is in progress.

Amazon Web Services provides performance metrics for EBS that you can analyze and view with Amazon CloudWatch.

You can benchmark your storage and compute configuration to make sure you achieve the level of performance you expect to see before taking your application live.

General Purpose (SSD) and Provisioned IOPS (SSD) volumes throughput limit can go from 128 MB/s to 320 MB/s per volume.

Explanation

When you create a snapshot of a Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) or Cold HDD (sc1) volume, performance may drop as far as the volume's baseline value while the snapshot is in progress. This behavior is specific to these volume types.

Explanation

24 / 25

You have been contracted to start building the latest and greatest mobile chat app. The schedule for this development and delivery is time critical. What correct mix of AWS services and components should you consider to ensure that your mobile chat app can be produced on time, ensuring that the mobile chat app can authenticate and authorize users?

Create an auto scaling group of EC2 instances with custom and specialized authentication and authorization logic using SSL and JWT tokens to perform user authentication and authorization.

Create an auto scaling group of EC2 instances with SAML 2.0 service endpoint, setup and install a custom LDAP directory, configure SSO within the mobile app to use the SAML 2.0 service endpoint to perform user authentication and authorization

Configure Amazon CloudFront in association with AWS WAF to perform user authentication and authorization

Configure Amazon Cognito together with IAM Roles and Policies, leverage the AWS Mobile SDK within the mobile chat app to perform user authentication and authorization

Explanation

Answer “Configure Amazon Cognito together with IAM Roles and Policies, leverage the AWS Mobile SDK within the mobile chat app to perform user authentication and authorization” is correct. The question highlights that the “development and delivery is time critical” - therefore the best approach time wise is to use the fit for purpose managed services provided by AWS - in this case, Amazon Cognito, IAM Roles and Policies, and the AWS Mobile SDK.

Explanation

25 / 25

Your company uses an on-premise identity system such as Active Directory to authenticate users locally. You would like to grant the same users access into the AWS console without requiring them to authenticate again. What possible solution below can be used to provide this type of access:

If your company's identity system is compatible with SAML 2.0, establish trust between your company's identity system and AWS

If your company's identity system is compatible with OAuth 2.0, establish trust between your company's identity system and AWS

If your company's identity system is compatible with OpenID Connect (OIDC), establish trust between your company's identity system and AWS

If your company's identity system is compatible with Kerberos, establish trust between your company's identity system and AWS

Explanation

Answer “If your company's identity system is compatible with SAML 2.0, establish trust between your company's identity system and AWS” is correct. AWS supports identity federation with SAML 2.0 (Security Assertion Markup Language 2.0), an open standard that many identity providers (IdPs) use. This feature enables federated single sign-on (SSO), so users can log into the AWS Management Console or call the AWS API operations without you having to create an IAM user for everyone in your organization.

Explanation

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1 / 75

Which of the following are primary components in SAML Federation configuration for the new AWS account? (Choose 2 answers)

SAML-Based identity provider has to be available to be used with company's identity store (Active Directory)

IAM trust policy that allows external identity store like Active Directory to be used as the primary IDP for this AWS account

IAM Roles matching Active Directory groups that you would like to allow access to AWS

Direct Connect or VPN connectivity must be established between AWS and your company's data center

Explanation

To enable SAML-Based federation for AWS Account, the following actions are required

2- In IAM, create a new SAML provider, which is an entity in IAM that holds information about your organization's identity provider.

Explanation

To enable SAML-Based federation for AWS Account, the following actions are required

2- In IAM, create a new SAML provider, which is an entity in IAM that holds information about your organization's identity provider.

2 / 75

Your company has decided to use cloud methods for disaster recovery. The company is most concerned with RTO and RPO and is willing to accept the extra cost of Warm Standby over Pilot Light. When a disaster occurs, your top priority is to increase the processing capacity of your scaled-down environment. Once that is accomplished, you can then increase the environment's resilience and self-management capabilities.

What steps will help you accomplish your top priority when a disaster occurs? (Choose 2 answers)

Extend your auto scaling group across multiple availability zones

Re-size the small capacity servers to run on larger EC2 instances

Modify your Amazon RDS servers to a multi-AZ deployment

Explanation

The Warm Standby scenario uses a scaled-down version of a fully functional environment that is always running. Business-critical applications can always be running in the cloud. When a DR scenario comes about, the servers can be quickly scaled up, scaled out or both, but horizontal scaling is preferred over vertical scaling.

The two incorrect choices will increase your environment's resilience by adding availability

Explanation

The two incorrect choices will increase your environment's resilience by adding availability

3 / 75

You've been assigned to assist a client in the creation of their AWS Virtual Private Cloud (VPC). You are shadowing their IT admin to allow the admin to create the VPC, learn, and benefit from your guidance. Which VPC components are optional and should be created at the discretion of the customer? (Choose 3 answers)

Virtual Private Gateways

Route Tables

Internet Gateways

NAT Gateways

Explanation

The optional components of a VPC are available for situational use in the VPC. An internet gateway needs to be created to give instances within the VPC internet access. By creating the Internet Gateway and creating a route in the route table to the Internet Gateway the instances will be able to access the internet. NAT Gateway perform a similar function to Internet Gateways but they are used for instances within private subnets. Virtual Private Gateways facilitate connectivity between the VPC and an on-premises network.

Explanation

4 / 75

A customer has a website which shows all the sales available in leading online and brick-and-mortar stores.

Which option is the most cost-effective and achieves better performance to handle these peaks in traffic reliably?

Purchase 5 Scheduled reserved instances immediately. Add 15 on-demand instances to run continuously from late November through the end of December.

Launch ten on-demand instances running continuously, and manually launch ten instances every day during office hours based on workload metrics as needed.

Explanation

5 / 75

Delete the DB instance

Create a manual snapshot of the DB instance

Stop the RDS instance

Save the most recent snapshot from RDS automated backup

Explanation

6 / 75

Which of the following are IAM best practices (Choose 3 answers)

Create privileged users and enable multi-factor authentication.

Discontinue use of the root access key.

Designate a backup administrator to use the root access key

Assign permissions to IAM groups instead of IAM users

Explanation

You use an access key (consisting of an access key ID and secret access key) to make programmatic requests to AWS. However, do not use your AWS account (root) access key. Create groups that relate to job functions so that you can make changes for everyone in a group in just one place.

Explanation

7 / 75

After reviewing the reports from AWS Trusted Advisor, your company has decided to enable multi-factor authentication for IAM users and the root account. Which of the following MFA options can be used for both account types? (Choose 2 answers)

AWS Security Token Service

A software-based Virtual MFA device

Hardware MFA Device

SNS Notification Service

Explanation

For increased security, AWS recommends that you configure multi-factor authentication (MFA) to help protect your AWS resources. MFA adds extra security because it requires users to enter a unique authentication code from an approved authentication device or SMS text message when they access AWS websites or services. This type of MFA requires you to assign an MFA device (hardware or virtual) to the IAM user or the AWS root account.

Explanation

8 / 75

VPC Security Groups

Route 53

Amazon API Gateway

CloudFront with AWS Shield

Explanation

9 / 75

Is it recommended to shutdown your EC2 instance when you create a snapshot of EBS volumes that serve as root devices?

No, you only need to shutdown an instance before deleting it.

No, the snapshot would turn off your instance automatically

Yes

Explanation

To create a snapshot for Amazon EBS volumes that serve as root devices, it is recommended to shutdown the instance before taking the snapshot.

Explanation

To create a snapshot for Amazon EBS volumes that serve as root devices, it is recommended to shutdown the instance before taking the snapshot.

10 / 75

What statement regarding health check configuration options for your auto scaling group is correct?

You can use both EC2 Instance Status Checks and ALB health checks simultaneously for your auto scaling group

You can only use ALB health checks as a health check for your auto scaling group

You can use either EC2 Instance Status Checks or ALB health checks for your auto scaling group., but not both simultaneously

You can only use EC2 Instance Status Checks as a health check for your auto scaling group

Explanation

11 / 75

You wish to perform detailed monitoring on servers that are marked as unhealthy before they are terminated. After researching the issue, you find that lifecycle hooks can be deployed as necessary. Which strategies could you use to perform detailed monitoring? (Choose 2 answers)

Define a notification target for the lifecycle hook

Use a CloudWatch event to invoke a Lambda function

Create a longer cooldown period in the launch configuration

Query 160.254.169.254 when instances are first marked as unhealthy

Explanation

Lifecycle hooks allow customization of existing auto-scaling groups

Explanation

Lifecycle hooks allow customization of existing auto-scaling groups

12 / 75

You are performing some testing of an application in development and wish to delete the parts of a multipart upload after a mistake is made with part numbering. Which command would you run to stop the upload and delete all the parts?

Remove multipart upload

Cancel multipart upload

Delete multipart upload

Abort multipart upload

Explanation

To delete the parts of a failed multipart upload so that you do not get charged for storage of those parts, you must use the command “Abort Multipart Upload” and provide the upload ID of upload you wish to abort. After aborting a multipart upload, you cannot upload any part using that upload ID again. All storage that any parts from the aborted multipart upload consumed is then freed.

Explanation

13 / 75

In Elastic Load Balancing, what parameters determine the cost for the Application Load Balancer (ALB)? (Choose 2 answers)

Only hours that an ELB is running and the amount of storage the instance takes

GB of data transferred

Load Capacity Units (LCUs) used per hour

Each hour or partial hour that an ELB is running

Explanation

Application Load Balancer
You are charged for each hour or partial hour that an Application Load Balancer is running and the number of Load Balancer Capacity Units (LCU) used per hour.

Network Load Balancer
You are charged for each hour or partial hour that a Network Load Balancer is running and the number of Load Balancer Capacity Units (LCU) used by Network Load Balancer per hour.

Classic Load Balancer
You are charged for each hour or partial hour that a Classic Load Balancer is running and for each GB of data transferred through your load balancer.

Explanation

Application Load Balancer
You are charged for each hour or partial hour that an Application Load Balancer is running and the number of Load Balancer Capacity Units (LCU) used per hour.

Classic Load Balancer
You are charged for each hour or partial hour that a Classic Load Balancer is running and for each GB of data transferred through your load balancer.

14 / 75

Your company is migrating into Amazon Web Services and has selected the US East region in which to operate. The majority of your work involves interfacing with government departments in the United States and Germany. Your company expects the deployment into the cloud to be up and running in a minimum of time. Before deploying any resources in the European region, what should be your first consideration?

European privacy laws

The pre-warming storage and load balancers

The number of web servers to deploy

Industry rules and standards

Explanation

Privacy laws in foreign countries will dictate compliance rules and regulations. AWS customers remain responsible for complying with applicable compliance laws and regulations.

Explanation

Privacy laws in foreign countries will dictate compliance rules and regulations. AWS customers remain responsible for complying with applicable compliance laws and regulations.

15 / 75

A primary direct connect line connected to at least two routers in the corporate data center

A primary direct connect line and a VPN connection for backup connected to the corporate primary router

A primary and a backup direct connect line and at least two routers in the corporate data center

A primary and a backup direct connect line connected to the primary router in the corporate data center

Explanation

16 / 75

You are an AWS Solutions Architect helping a client plan a migration to the AWS Cloud. The client has provided you with a detailed inventory of their current on-premises compute infrastructure, including metrics related to storage and bandwidth. What tool would you use to estimate the amount of money they will save by migrating to the AWS Cloud?

Detailed Billing Reports

Cost Explorer

Trusted Advisor

TCO Calculator

Explanation

The TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) Calculator is used to calculate savings given information about the user’s current environment.

Explanation

The TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) Calculator is used to calculate savings given information about the user’s current environment.

17 / 75

You are an engineer at a large bank, responsible for managing your firm’s AWS infrastructure. The finance team has approached you, indicating their concern over the growing AWS budget, and has asked you to investigate ways to lower it. Since your firm has enterprise-level support, you decide to use the AWS Trusted Advisor tool for this effort. What are some of the cost optimization checks that Trusted Advisor will perform? (Choose 3 answers)

Idle Load Balancers

Underutilized Amazon Redshift Clusters

EC2 Spot Instance Optimization

Underutilized Amazon EBS Volumes

Explanation

Trusted Advisor checks for Amazon EC2 reserved instances optimization, low utilization of Amazon EC2 instances, idle Load Balancers, underutilized Amazon EBS Volumes, unassociated Elastic IP Addresses, Amazon RDS idle DB instances, Amazon Route 53 Latency Resource Record Sets, Amazon EC2 reserved instance lease expiration and underutilized Amazon Redshift Clusters

Explanation

18 / 75

You need to create an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) for a customer for an application which does not appear to be part of the standard AWS AMI template that you can see in the AWS console. What are the alternative possibilities for creating an AMI on AWS ?

You can purchase an AMIs from a third party but cannot create your own AMI

Only AWS can create AMIs and you need to request them to create one for you.

You can purchase an AMIs from a third party or can create your own AMI.

Only AWS can create AMIs and you need to wait till it becomes available.

Explanation

You can purchase an AMIs from a third party, including AMIs that come with service contracts from organizations such as Red Hat. You can also create an AMI and sell it to other Amazon EC2 users. After you create an AMI, you can keep it private so that only you can use it, or you can share it with a specified list of AWS accounts. You can also make your custom AMI public so that the community can use it. Building a safe, secure, usable AMI for public consumption is a fairly straightforward process, if you follow a few simple guidelines.

Explanation

19 / 75

A user is planning to make a mobile game which can be played online or offline and will be hosted on EC2. The user wants to ensure that if someone breaks the highest score or they achieve some milestone they can inform all their colleagues through email. Which of the below mentioned AWS services helps achieve this goal?

Amazon Cognito

AWS Simple Queue Service.

AWS Simple Email Service.

AWS Simple Workflow Service.

Explanation

Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) is a highly scalable and cost-effective email-sending service for businesses and developers. It integrates with other AWS services, making it easy to send emails from applications that are hosted on AWS.

Explanation

20 / 75

An organization is planning to implement a scalable web application with Amazon EC2. The organization is planning to achieve high availability with Multi-AZ features. A single deployment of your application requires 8 vCPUs and 16 GiB total memory. The application workload is very stable, and does not experience spikes in activity. It is possible to divide the workload across separate instances.

Which configuration is the best choice for high availability, disaster recovery, and cost-effectiveness in this scenario?

Launch eight instances with 4 vCPUs and 8 GiB memory each. Divide the instances into separate availability zones, and also divide the instances into two separate auto scaling groups across the two availability zones. Deploy a separate load balancer for each group of instances within an availability zone

Launch four instances with 4 vCPUs and 8 GiB memory each. Associated all four instances with one auto scaling group, and deploy the instances into two separate availability zones, and then load balance them with an elastic load balancer

Launch four instances with 8 vCPUs and 16 GiB memory each. Associate all four instances with one auto scaling group, and deploy them into two separate availability zones. Finally, load balancer them with an elastic load balancer.

Launch two instances with 8 vCPUs and 16 GiB memory each. Associate both instances with one auto scaling group, and deploy them in separate availability zones. Finally, load balance them with an elastic load balancer

Explanation

The organization can always launch multiple EC2 instances in the same region across multiple availability zones for high availability and disaster recovery. It is recommended that the application should be load balanced for better load distribution. When the organization must support a workload that could be met with a small number of large instances, it is recommended to distribute the load by creating four small instances across availability zones. The two large instances give only 50% redundancy while the four small instances give 75% redundancy. As for cost, both the scenarios are the same it is recommended to run four small instances across availability zones

Explanation

21 / 75

Your database is very frequently receiving more read and write requests than it can handle. To process the higher loads more effectively you’ve decided to vertically scale your RDS database instance. You’ve confirmed that your licensing can handle the increased scale; next, you must determine when the changes will be applied. When can you apply the changes? (Choose 2 answers)

During the maintenance window for the database instances

When using CloudFront metrics

Immediately, when choosing a larger instance size

When changing the database storage type

Explanation

When scaling an RDS instance, changes can be applied immediately or during the maintenance window specified. It is also recommended that you before you scale, make sure you have the correct licensing in place for commercial engines (SQL Server, Oracle) especially if you Bring Your Own License (BYOL). One important thing to call out is that for commercial engines, you are restricted by the license, which is usually tied to the CPU sockets or cores.

Explanation

22 / 75

You need to change a deployed Elastic Beanstalk environment to provide additional performance for EC2 instances that a client is currently running on their application. To change your instance count for Elastic Beanstalk, select the necessary steps (in any order). (Choose 3 answers)

Choose Configuration and then choose Scaling.

Change the Minimum Instance Count and then Apply

Open a command prompt window and execute the command change-elastic-beanstock -env.

Open the Elastic Beanstalk console and navigate to the management page

Explanation

Elastic Beanstalk environments can be changed after creation. For example, if you have a compute-intensive application, you can change the type of Amazon EC2 instance that is running your application. To do this, you use the Scaling option in the management page of the Elastic Beanstalk console and change the minimum instance count.

Explanation

23 / 75

You are pulled in on a redesign of a client's AWS VPC. The client was an early adopter of AWS but wants to improve their overall security in the VPC. The budget allocated for this redesign is very limited and you need to optimize your time. You've created new security groups for the VPC. What's the most expedient way to associate these new security groups with the instances in the VPC?

Shutdown the instances and attach to the new security groups then re-start the instances.

Delete the instances, create new instances, attach to the security groups, then launch the instances.

Associate the instances with the new security groups while the instances are running.

Create a snapshot of the instance, launch new instances from the snapshot, which are attached to the new security groups.

Explanation

A security group acts as a virtual firewall for your instance to control inbound and outbound traffic. When you launch an instance in a VPC, you can assign the instance to up to five security groups. Security groups act at the instance level, not the subnet level. Therefore, each instance in a subnet in your VPC could be assigned to a different set of security groups. If you don't specify a particular group at launch time, the instance is automatically assigned to the default security group for the VPC. If an instance is running in an Amazon VPC you can change which security groups are associated with an instance while the instance is running.

Explanation

24 / 75

You have been chosen to lead the design of an AWS cloud environment for an accounting firm. The firm needs high availability and scalability and your team is considering a multi-AZ deployment. In addition, the firm expects to need Online Analytics processing (OLAP) for their Actuarial Department. What AWS service is best to meet the OLAP requirement?

Amazon Redshift

Amazon RDS

Amazon Elasticahe

Amazon RDS with DynamoDB for caching

Explanation

Amazon Redshift is a fast, fully managed data warehouse that makes it simple and cost-effective to analyze all your data using standard SQL and your existing Business Intelligence (BI) tools. It allows you to run complex analytic queries against petabytes of structured data, using sophisticated query optimization, columnar storage on high-performance local disks, and massively parallel query execution.

Explanation

25 / 75

Which one of the following answers is not a possible state of Amazon CloudWatch Alarm?

ALARM

STATUS_CHECK_FAILED

INSUFFICIENT_DATA

Explanation

Amazon CloudWatch Alarms have three possible states: OK: The metric is within the defined threshold ALARM: The metric is outside of the defined threshold INSUFFICIENT_DATA: The alarm has just started, the metric is not available, or not enough data is available for the metric to determine the alarm state

Explanation

26 / 75

You are a DBA at a rapidly growing company and you want to shorten failover time for your Amazon RDS SQL Server database. Which strategies will shorten failover time? (Choose 2 answers)

Use smaller transactions

Ensure you have provisioned sufficient IOPS.

Use larger transactions.

Configure the health check using shorter intervals.

Explanation

Recovery takes IOPS; therefore, insufficient IOPS will slow down failover time. Database recovery relies on transactions; therefore, smaller transactions will shorten failover time.

Explanation

Recovery takes IOPS; therefore, insufficient IOPS will slow down failover time. Database recovery relies on transactions; therefore, smaller transactions will shorten failover time.

27 / 75

You need to set up security for your VPC and you know that Amazon VPC provides two features that you can use to increase security for your VPC: security groups and network access control lists (ACLs). You have already looked into security groups and you are now trying to understand ACLs. Which statement below is incorrect in relation to ACLs?

Processes rules in number order when deciding whether to allow traffic.

Is stateful: Return traffic is automatically allowed, regardless of any rules.

Operates at the subnet level (second layer of defense).

Supports allow rules and deny rules.

Explanation

Amazon VPC provides two features that you can use to increase security for your VPC: Security groups--Act as a firewall for associated Amazon EC2 instances, controlling both inbound and outbound traffic at the instance level. Network access control lists (ACLs)--Act as a firewall for associated subnets, controlling both inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet level. Security groups are stateful: (Return traffic is automatically allowed, regardless of any rules) Network ACLs are stateless: (Return traffic must be explicitly allowed by rules)

Explanation

28 / 75

Your client has contacted you about an existing AWS cloud environment that they have. They have a large number of T2 large instances in a VPC but have statistics indicating they may need larger instances soon. Another consideration is the company's limited budget to add new instances and/or upgrade its current instances. However, they need to do something and are relying on you to provide a solution. This company has used its existing instances for over 3 years and expects a similar lifespan for any new solution.

What changes would best address the issues with their compute resources? (Choose 2 answers)

Upgrade to Enhanced Networking instances.

Upgrade to standard reserved instances

Replace T2 large instances with large general purpose instances.

Use spot instances to supplement the existing instances.

Explanation

T2 instances are Burstable Performance Instances that provide a baseline level of CPU performance with the ability to burst above the baseline. The baseline performance and ability to burst are governed by CPU Credits. M4 instances are the latest generation of General Purpose Instances. This family provides a balance of compute, memory, and network resources, and it is a good choice for many applications. In this instance, the only option which provides for growth while keeping costs in check is to upgrade to reserved M4 instances on a long term 3 year contract.

Explanation

29 / 75

Select the default security policy.

Enable SSL offload.

Select a client configuration preference option

Choose the server order preference option

Explanation

30 / 75

Resource-based permissions are managed policies you can apply directly to your bucket

With resource-based permissions, you can define permissions for sub-directories of your bucket separately

An explicit deny in resource-based permissions will overwrite an allow permissions the user might have for the same resource

Resource-based permissions could be attached to a user, role or group

Explanation

31 / 75

You are responsible for a web application where the web server instances are hosted in auto-scaling group. You discover the following after monitoring your application workload for the past year:

You need a minimum of nine EC2 instances to handle the lowest levels of activity during non-business hours.
During local business hours, you require between 12-16 instances.
Roughly 35 percent of non-business workload involves backend data processing and analysis.

With this information, what recommendations would you make to minimize operating costs while providing the required availability?

Explanation

32 / 75

You have set up an Elastic Load Balancer (ELB) with the usual default settings, which route each request independently to the application instance with the smallest load. However, someone has asked you to bind a user's session to a specific application instance so as to ensure that all requests coming from the user during the session will be sent to the same application instance. AWS has a feature to do this. What is it called?

Tagging

Proxy protocol

Connection draining

Sticky session

Explanation

An Elastic Load Balancer(ELB) by default, routes each request independently to the application instance with the smallest load. However, you can use the sticky session feature (also known as session affinity), which enables the load balancer to bind a user's session to a specific application instance. This ensures that all requests coming from the user during the session will be sent to the same application instance. The key to managing the sticky session is determining how long your load balancer should consistently route the user's request to the same application instance. If your application has its own session cookie, then you can set Elastic Load Balancing to create the session cookie to follow the duration specified by the application's session cookie. If your application does not have its own session cookie, then you can set Elastic Load Balancing to create a session cookie by specifying your own stickiness duration. You can associate stickiness duration for only HTTP/HTTPS load balancer listeners. An application instance must always receive and send two cookies: A cookie that defines the stickiness duration and a special Elastic Load Balancing cookie named AWSELB, that has the mapping to the application instance.

Explanation

33 / 75

You have created an S3 bucket where project managers can upload their projects' files. Project files change frequently, so retaining multiple copies of files when changes occur is essential. Each project is also considered confidential, each project file must be encrypted at rest when stored in S3.

How could you meet these requirements for your bucket and contents?

Each PM should compress project files and assign a password for compressed files, and encryption needs to be enabled on the bucket

Server-side encryption should be enabled on the S3 bucket

Enable versioning for the S3 bucket, and encrypt project files using client-side or server-side encryption

Delete all prior versions after a certain timestamp alert is met

Explanation

Versioning provides redundancy as it keeps multiple variants of an object in the same bucket. You can use versioning to preserve, retrieve, and restore every version of every object stored in your Amazon S3 bucket. With versioning, you can easily recover from both unintended user actions and application failures.

Explanation

34 / 75

You are an AWS Solutions Architect helping a client plan a migration to the AWS cloud. The client is very cost-conscious and needs to understand the budget implications of any design decisions prior to signing off. Now that you’ve identified the resources that must be created in the AWS environment to support the migration, what tool could you use to help project future costs given this information?

TCO Calculator

Detailed Billing Reports

Simple Monthly Calculator

Cost Explorer

Explanation

The Simple Monthly Calculator is used to calculate projected costs, assuming you know what AWS resources you’ll be consuming.

Explanation

The Simple Monthly Calculator is used to calculate projected costs, assuming you know what AWS resources you’ll be consuming.

35 / 75

You are in the process of planning your backup strategy between an on-premises data center and AWS cloud. You are considering Storage Gateway technology for backup and restore in your hybrid environment. What are the primary factors that affect Backup and Recovery times when using Storage Gateways? (Choose 2 answers)

Net available bandwidth between on-premises and AWS over the public internet or Direct Connect line.

Compute power of on-premises instances that need to be backed up

Amount of data required for backup each day before on-premise data deduplication and compression

Amount of data required for backup each day after on-premise data deduplication and compression

Explanation

Storage gateways interact with AWS over the public Internet or direct connect. You will need to know the amount of data per day that needs to be transferred to Amazon S3 and the net available bandwidth of your network connection. Storage Gateway is capable of running data compression, and comparison so only changed data is being backed up.

Explanation

36 / 75

You have 4 Direct Connect (DX) connections to your VPC from your Chicago, Boston, Houston, and Orlando offices. Your VPC’s address range is 10.20.0.0/16. You are using BGP routing. You would like to ensure AWS uses the Chicago connection to reach the IP addresses ranging from 10.20.30.0-10.20.30.127 on your network. The other three locations are currently advertising the following routes:

Boston: 10.20.0.0/16 AS 65000

Houston: 10.20.30.0/24 AS 65000 65000

Orlando: 10.20.30.254/32 AS 65000 65000 65000

Which of the following routes could you advertise from your Chicago connection to ensure AWS uses it to access IP addresses ranging from 10.20.30.0-10.20.30.127?

10.20.30.0/23 AS 65000 65000

10.20.30.128/26 AS 65000

10.20.30.0/25 AS 65000 65000 65000

10.20.128.0/17 AS 65000

Explanation

AWS will choose the most specific route first. If routes are equal after checking for the most specific routes, AWS will use AS path prepending to determine which route is preferred. In this example, 10.20.30.0/25 is more specific than 10.20.30.0/24 and 10.20.0.0/16, so AS path prepending will not matter. The other options are either outside of the address range in question (10.20.30.128/26 and 10.20.128.0/17) or less specific than the route advertised by Houston (10.20.30.0/23). The route advertised from Orlando, 10.20.30.254/32, identifies a single IPv4 address that is outside of the range in question

Explanation

37 / 75

Your on-premise bare-metal servers are over five years old. You’re considering moving to AWS. The offerings of virtual instances far surpass what you can access on-premises. Before you choose your test instance at AWS, what questions should you ask? (Choose 3 answers)

When peak load occurs, how much over-provisioning is required?

What is the cost of over-provisioning?

How much network bandwidth do you need?

What is the average server utilization?

Explanation

On-premises data centers have costs associated with the servers, storage, networking, power, cooling, physical space, and IT labor required to support applications and services running in the production environment. For servers, these questions are most applicable: What is your average server utilization? How much do you overprovision for peak load? What is the cost of over-provisioning?

Explanation

38 / 75

You have a lot of data stored in the AWS Storage Gateway and your manager has come to you asking about how the billing is calculated, specifically the Virtual Tape Shelf usage. What would be a correct response to this?

You are billed for the virtual tape data you store in Amazon Glacier and are billed for the size of the virtual tape

You are billed for the virtual tape data you store in Amazon S3 and billed for the portion of virtual tape capacity that you use, not for the size of the virtual tape.

You are billed for the virtual tape data you store in Amazon S3 and are billed for the size of the virtual tape.

You are billed for the virtual tape data you store in Amazon Glacier and billed for the portion of virtual tape capacity that you use, not for the size of the virtual tape.

Explanation

The AWS Storage Gateway is a service connecting an on-premises software appliance with cloud-based storage to provide seamless and secure integration between an organization's on-premises IT environment and AWS's storage infrastructure. AWS Storage Gateway billing is as follows. Volume storage usage (per GB per month): You are billed for the Cached volume data you store in Amazon S3. You are only billed for volume capacity you use, not for the size of the volume you create. Snapshot Storage usage (per GB per month): You are billed for the snapshots your gateway stores in Amazon S3. These snapshots are stored and billed as Amazon EBS snapshots. Snapshots are incremental backups, reducing your storage charges. When taking a new snapshot, only the data that has changed since your last snapshot is stored. Virtual Tape Library usage (per GB per month): You are billed for the virtual tape data you store in Amazon S3. You are only billed for the portion of virtual tape capacity that you use, not for the size of the virtual tape. Virtual Tape Shelf usage (per GB per month): You are billed for the virtual tape data you store in Amazon Glacier. You are only billed for the portion of virtual tape capacity that you use, not for the size of the virtual tape

Explanation

39 / 75

In a design meeting with your Senior AWS Architect you are asked to create a dual homed network. The client has been using AWS cloud for a few years and has staff who are fairly well versed in AWS technology. They have offered a preliminary design, which calls for dual homed web servers attached to an application server. This setup is also dual homed to connect to a backend database server. Which AWS device will enable such a dual homed scenario?

Elastic IP Address

Dual Channel VPN

Elastic Load Balancer

Elastic Network Interface

Explanation

You can place a network interface on each of your web servers that connects to a mid-tier network where an application server resides. The application server can also be dual-homed to a back-end network (subnet) where the database server resides. Instead of routing network packets through the dual-homed instances, each dual-homed instance receives and processes requests on the front end, initiates a connection to the back end, and then sends requests to the servers on the back-end network.

Explanation

40 / 75

The IAM administrator is trying to create IAM groups and IAM users for employees within numerous separate company departments. The owner has created groups for each department, but needs even further separation between department subgroups within IAM groups. For example, two users from different department subgroups should be identified separately and have separate permissions.

How can the IAM administrator configure this?

Create a nested IAM group

Use the paths to separate IAM users within the same IAM group

Create a hierarchy of separate IAM users based on their department

It is not possible to subdivide IAM users within an IAM group

Explanation

The path functionality within an IAM group and user allows them to delineate by further levels. In this case, the user needs to use the path with each user or group so that the ARN of the user will look similar to:

arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/division_abc/subdivision_xyz/user1
arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/division_abc/subdivision_xyz/user2

Explanation

arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/division_abc/subdivision_xyz/user1
arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/division_abc/subdivision_xyz/user2

41 / 75

CPU Utilization

Volume Queue Length

Memory Utilization

Disk Performance (Read and Write OPS)

Explanation

To establish a baseline you should, at a minimum, monitor the following items:

CPU Utilization
Memory Utilization
Network Utilization
Disk Performance
Disk Space.

Explanation

To establish a baseline you should, at a minimum, monitor the following items:

CPU Utilization
Memory Utilization
Network Utilization
Disk Performance
Disk Space.

42 / 75

Which choice correctly describes the differences between security groups and Network Access Control Lists (NACLs)? (Choose 2 answers)

Security Groups operate at the instance level and support allow rules only.

Security Groups operate at the subnet level, and they support allow rules only

NACLs operate at the subnet level and support allow and deny rules

NACLs operate at the subnet level and support deny rules only.

Explanation

You can secure your VPC instances using only security groups; however, you can add NACLs as a second layer of defense. Security groups — Act as a firewall for associated Amazon EC2 instances, controlling both inbound and outbound traffic at the instance level . Network access control lists (NACLs) — Act as a firewall for associated subnets, controlling both inbound and outbound traffic at the subnet level . Security Groups supports allow rules only while Network Access Control Lists support allow and deny rules.

Explanation

43 / 75

You are setting up your first Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) so you decide to use the VPC wizard in the AWS console to help make it easier for you. Which of the following statements is correct regarding instances that you launch into a default subnet via the VPC wizard?

Instances that you launch into a default subnet receive both a public IP address and a private IP address.

Instances that you launch into a default subnet receive a public IP address and 5 private IP addresses.

Instances that you launch into a default subnet don't receive any ip addresses and you need to define them manually.

Instances that you launch into a default subnet receive a public IP address and 10 private IP addresses.

Explanation

Instances that you launch into a default subnet receive both a public IP address and a private IP address. Instances in a default subnet also receive both public and private DNS hostnames. Instances that you launch into a nondefault subnet in a default VPC don't receive a public IP address or a DNS hostname. You can change your subnet's default public IP addressing behavior

Explanation

44 / 75

You have an application that is generating a log file every 5 minutes and you need to store these log files appropriately. The requirements for storing the log files are:

They should be quickly retrievable when needed, as they may be required only for verification in case of some major issue.
The logs will need to be accessed frequently, as all log data is retrieved and compiled from the files into a bi-monthly report.
The logs are essential to quarterly audits, so the storage solution must offer a high level of durability.
Cost should also be minimized for the storage service as much as possible.

Which of the storage options below is the best choice to meet these requirements?

Amazon S3 Glacier

Amazon S3 Standard - Infrequent Access (IA)

Amazon S3 OneZone-IA

Amazon S3 Standard

Explanation

Amazon S3 stores objects according to their storage class. There are technically four major storage classes: Standard, Standard - Infrequent Access, Reduced Redundancy Storage (RRS) and Glacier.

Standard is for Amazon S3 and provides very high durability. Standard - Infrequent Access is designed for with a minimum data amount required and paid storage for at least 30 days. Glacier is for archival and the files are not available over the internet. Reduced Redundancy Storage is for less critical files.

S3 OneZone IA is a variation of Standard-IA, which offers data archival at a reduced price, but also with less durability because the data within this class is stored within a single availability zone rather than spread throughout all availability zones within the S3 buckets region, as it is with S3 Standard storage.

Explanation

Amazon S3 stores objects according to their storage class. There are technically four major storage classes: Standard, Standard - Infrequent Access, Reduced Redundancy Storage (RRS) and Glacier.

45 / 75

Your company is migrating their environment to AWS. The legacy environment relied on Chef for automation, and your engineers are comfortable with that solution. In addition, your compliance officer has indicated that the new environment needs centralized, auditable configuration management for regulatory reasons. Which of the following AWS automation tools is most appropriate for this scenario?

OpsWorks stacks

Elastic Beanstalk

CloudFormation

OpsWorks for Chef Automate

Explanation

OpsWorks stacks will let you utilize your existing Chef recipes, but only OpsWorks for Chef Automate will provide you with centralized, continuous configuration management.

Explanation

OpsWorks stacks will let you utilize your existing Chef recipes, but only OpsWorks for Chef Automate will provide you with centralized, continuous configuration management.

46 / 75

A MySQL database currently contains 2 million records. Approximately 2000 new records are added every day, with an average of 80 queries per second. The database is running on a 4 core, 4 GB dedicated system in the local data center. Once a week, on average, the system has issues and resets. It is next on the list to be moved to the cloud. What step should be taken first before it is migrated?

Order an on-demand instance matching the on-premises architecture.

Fix all MySQL issues in the local data center.

Export all database records to S3.

Use the AWS server migration service to migrate existing records

Explanation

Issues that are not first solved locally will not be solved by moving to the cloud. Moving to the cloud is not a silver bullet. If there are inherent problems in the existing architecture there is no guarantee that they will be solved by moving to the cloud. Try to resolve any issues locally before migrating your architecture (and its existing issues) to the cloud.

Explanation

47 / 75

One of your developers is creating an application that must upload large files to an S3 bucket. You suggest that they use the multipart upload feature. Which actions are required from the developer to complete a multipart upload? (Choose 2 answers)

Create ordered ETag values to label each part.

Upload each part with an upload ID and a part number.

Construct the final object from the parts.

Send a request to initiate a multipart upload

Explanation

When you send a request to initiate a multipart upload, Amazon S3 returns a response with an upload ID, which is a unique identifier for your multipart upload. You must include this upload ID whenever you upload parts, list the parts, complete an upload, or abort an upload. When uploading a part, in addition to the upload ID, you must specify a part number that uniquely identifies a part and its position in the object you are uploading. Amazon S3 returns an ETag header in its response. For each part upload, you must record the part number and the ETag value for use in each subsequent request.

Explanation

48 / 75

Your team is developing an application using Elastic Beanstalk and discussing the most appropriate environment for deployment. What two types of environments can be created when using Elastic Beanstalk? (Choose 2 answers)

Web worker environment

Single-instance environment

Multi-region, multiple-instance environment

Load-balancing and auto-scaling environment

Explanation

In Elastic Beanstalk, you can create a load-balancing, autoscaling environment or a single-instance environment. The type of environment that you require depends on the application that you deploy. For example, you can develop and test an application in a single-instance environment to save costs and then upgrade that environment to a load-balancing, autoscaling environment when the application is ready for production.

Explanation

49 / 75

You are developing a static website using S3 for your company’s clients. Your team is configuring the site and has granted public read access. What other steps must they take? (Choose 2 answers)

Enable server-side scripting

Create a website page hierarchy

Enable static website hosting.

Specify a default index document

Explanation

50 / 75

Having set up a website to automatically be redirected to a backup website if it fails, you realize that there are different types of failovers that are possible. You need all your resources to be available the majority of the time. Using Amazon Route 53 which configuration would best suit this requirement?

None. Route 53 can't failover.

Active-active-passive and other mixed configurations.

Active-active failover.

Active-passive failover

Explanation

You can set up a variety of failover configurations using Amazon Route 53 alias: weighted, latency, geolocation routing, and failover resource record sets. Active-active failover: Use this failover configuration when you want all of your resources to be available the majority of the time. When a resource becomes unavailable, Amazon Route 53 can detect that it's unhealthy and stop including it when responding to queries. Active-passive failover: Use this failover configuration when you want a primary group of resources to be available the majority of the time and you want a secondary group of resources to be on standby in case all of the primary resources become unavailable. When responding to queries, Amazon Route 53 includes only the healthy primary resources. If allof the primary resources are unhealthy, Amazon Route 53 begins to include only the healthy secondary resources in response to DNS queries. Active-active-passive and other mixed configurations: You can combine alias and non-alias resource record sets to produce a variety of Amazon Route 53 behaviors.

Explanation

51 / 75

Your company is considering migrating to AWS, but they are concerned about the initial and mid- to short-term costs due to the complexity of the migration cycle. To effectively calculate the total cost of ownership, certain costs must be understood and planned for.

What costs should be primary considerations? (Choose 3 answers)

The cost of running migration tools

The cost of outside consulting services

The cost of running duplicate environments

The cost of using a Direct Link connection

Explanation

Failing to accurately estimate your costs before migration and during the migration process is a recipe for disaster. To build a migration model for optimal efficiency, it is important to accurately understand the current costs of running on-premises applications, as well as the interim costs incurred during the transition

Explanation

52 / 75

You are responsible for maintaining an RDS database deployed in a Multi-AZ deployment architecture. What would be the downtime and/or failover cycle associated with maintenance events on your database? (Choose 2 answers)

Standby instance will become the new primary after maintenance

Maintenance will be applied to the primary instance first

The old primary will be promoted back to the new primary after maintenance

Maintenance will be applied to standby instance first.

Explanation

Running a DB Instance as a Multi-AZ deployment can further reduce the impact of a maintenance event because Amazon RDS will conduct maintenance by following these steps: Perform maintenance on the standby.

Perform maintenance on the standby.
Promote the standby to primary.
Perform maintenance on the old primary, which becomes the new standby.

Explanation

Perform maintenance on the standby.
Promote the standby to primary.
Perform maintenance on the old primary, which becomes the new standby.

53 / 75

Making use of a(n) ____ when creating instances in Amazon EC2 is your best solution for providing the lowest latency network communication between multiple instances in EC2.

virtual cluster

cluster placement group

virtual private cloud

isolated network

Explanation

A cluster placement group is a logical grouping of instances within a single AWS Availability Zone. Placement groups are recommended for applications that benefit from low network latency, high network throughput, or both. To provide the lowest latency, and the highest packet-per-second network performance for your placement group, choose an instance type that supports enhanced networking.

Explanation

54 / 75

You are tasked with configuring Route 53 for use with EC2 instances across multiple regions that are used for a customer’s website. The customer would like to route traffic based upon the location of the website’s visitors so visitors from specific regions can be presented with specific content. Which of the following would be best suited to meet the requirement?

A region based routing policy

EDNS0

A geolocation routing policy

DynDNS

Explanation

A Geolocation routing policy would allow Route 53 to route queries based upon the location of users. DynDNS is used to automatically update DNS records. EDNS0 can be used to improve the accuracy of geolocation routing, but is not a routing policy in and of itself. Region based is not a valid Route 53 routing policy type.

Explanation

55 / 75

You are leading a design meeting for a new client that is migrating their compute environment to the cloud. One of the first design meetings involves Identity and Access Management (IAM). You are giving them an explanation of concept of principals, which is an entity that is allowed to interact with AWS resources. Which is not a type of principal?

Roles/temporary security tokens

IAM users

Root users

Encryption keys

Explanation

A principal is an IAM entity that is allowed to interact with AWS resources. The Principal element specifies the user, account, service, or other entity that is allowed or denied access to a resource. The Principal element is relevant only in a bucket policy; you don't specify it in a user policy because you attach user policy directly to a specific user.

Explanation

56 / 75

You are an engineer at a large bank, responsible for managing your firm’s AWS infrastructure. Your finance team has approached you, indicating their concern over the growing EC2 budget. They have asked you to identify strategies to reduce the EC2 spend by at least 25% before the next monthly billing cycle. How choices below could assist in accomplishing this? (Choose 3 answers)

Look for opportunities to use reserved or spot instances.

Look for opportunities to use dedicated instances.

Consolidate AWS accounts for billing.

Reduce or eliminate over-provisioned or unused instances.

Explanation

You can reduce EC2 spend by migrating to reserved/spot instances, eliminating/shrinking unused resources, or consolidating AWS accounts (to qualify for volume discounts). The paying account's use of consolidated billing can benefit from volume pricing discounts gained thru aggregate account usage.

Explanation

57 / 75

A user has suspended the Auto Scaling process and updates the desired capacity of the Auto Scaling group. Which statements below is correct regarding this update?

The Auto Scaling will not allow modification of the desired capacity during the suspended process state

The scaling activity will happen as this is manual scaling

The desired capacity will get updated, but the scaling activity will not happen

The desired capacity will not get updated as scaling is frozen

Explanation

The user may want to stop the automated scaling processes on the Auto Scaling groups either to perform manual operations or during emergency situations. To perform this, the user can suspend one or more scaling processes at any time. When the process is suspended and the user changes the desired capacity, the changes will take effect, but Auto Scaling will not be executed. Thus, the scaling activity will not happen even though there is a difference between the desired capacity and the current capacity.

Explanation

58 / 75

A user has set up the CloudWatch alarm on the CPU utilization metric at 50%, with a time interval of 5 minutes and 10 periods to monitor. What will be the state of the alarm at the end of 90 minutes, if the CPU utilization is constant at 80%?

ALARM

INSUFFICIENT_DATA

ALERT

Explanation

In this case the alarm watches a metric every 5 minutes for 10 intervals. Thus, it needs at least 50 minutes to come to the "OK" state. Till then it will be in the INSUFFUCIENT_DATA state. Since 90 minutes have passed and CPU utilization is at 80% constant, the state of alarm will be "ALARM".

Explanation

59 / 75

Your client's AWS environment contains several EBS-backed EC2 instances for a project that needs to be postponed.

What choices below will allow you to avoid charges for these on-demand instances, but retain data currently stored within these instances? (Choose 2 answers)

Terminate all the instances and then make an image of all the instances.

Stop all the instances

Take a snapshot of all the instances and then terminate all the instances.

Terminate all the instances.

Explanation

If you stop the instances you will not be charged and the data will still be kept. If you terminate the instances you will lose all your data. If you take a snapshot of all the instances and then terminate all the instances you will not be charged but will still have all your data in the snapshot which can be restored later.

Explanation

60 / 75

You have deployed an application hosted on both a primary instance and a secondary standby instance. The instances are in the same subnet within a VPC.

If the primary instance fails, you would like to failover to the secondary instance without having to reconfigure the application. How can you accomplish this? (Choose 3 answers)

Add a second private IP address to the primary instance's ENI that can be moved to the secondary instance's ENI.

Attach elastic network interfaces to the primary and secondary instances

Use an additional elastic network interface for failover to another instance

Use load balancing to redirect traffic to the secondary instance

Explanation

The ENI can only be attached to an instance hosted in a VPC. When you move a network interface from one instance to another, network traffic is redirected to the new instance. Some network and security appliances, such as load balancers, network address translation (NAT) servers, and proxy servers prefer to be configured with multiple network interfaces. You can create and attach secondary network interfaces to instances in a VPC that are running these types of applications and configure the additional interfaces with their own public and private IP addresses, security groups, and source/destination checking

Explanation

61 / 75

Your client has a need to store data which could grow quickly but unpredictably. You recommend EBS as a storage solution. But they have voiced concerns about scalability. What features of EBS can you highlight to provide assurances of its elasticity and scalabilty? (Choose 3 answers)

You can resize an existing volume by creating a snapshot and launching a new (larger volume) from the snapshot

EBS volumes are redundantly replicated on different hardware within the same AZ.

An Elastic Load Balancer can scale EBS appropriately

You can quickly provision additional capacity by adding new EBS volumes

Explanation

AWS can be quickly provisioned for additional capacity by adding new EBS volumes. Existing volumes can be resized by creating a snapshot and launching a new (larger volume) from the snapshot. Each Amazon EBS volume is automatically replicated within its Availability Zone to protect you from component failure, offering high availability and durability. Amazon EBS is designed for application workloads that benefit from fine tuning for performance, cost and capacity

Explanation

62 / 75

You are designing a AWS cloud environment for a client who has a contract with a federal government agency. The cloud environment will have multiple VPCs and be in multiple regions. The government agency wants to whitelist only a handful of instances in your organization. This will dictate that these instances have static IP addresses. Elastic ip addresses can be used to keep a fixed set of IP addresses. How can the Elastic IP addresses (EIP) be used in this environment?

EIPs can be moved from one instance to another within the same Availability Zone

EIPs can be moved from one instance to another in multiple VPCs and multiple regions

EIPs can be moved from one instance to another in multiple VPCs within the same region

EIPs are attached to an instance and exist only for the life of that instance

Explanation

An Elastic IP address is associated with your AWS account. With an Elastic IP address, you can mask the failure of an instance or software by rapidly remapping the address to another instance in your account. You can disassociate an Elastic IP address from a resource, and reassociate it with a different resource. A disassociated Elastic IP address remains allocated to your account until you explicitly release it. An Elastic IP address is for use in a specific region only.

Explanation

63 / 75

An international web journal hosted on AWS handles requests for technical publications. The front-end tier is hosted in a VPC with multiple availability zones, auto-scaling groups, and cross zone load-balancing. RDS hosts the application database responsible for indexing and searching the content, and technical journals are served from S3 buckets. At certain times, specific professional journals became quite popular, causing viewing delays. Which additional components could be utilized in your architecture to help improve performance? (Choose 2 answers)

Deploy CloudFront to help with content delivery to users in remote geographic locations

Utilize ElasticCache with Lazy Loading to cache popular searches and indexes

Utilize the SQS service to speed up response to requests

Add cross-region replication to S3 buckets hosting your journals

Explanation

Lazy loading keeps the cache up to date based only on requests, which avoids filling up the cache needlessly, but if data is only written to the cache when there is a cache miss, data in the cache can become stale since there are no updates to the cache when data is changed in the database. This issue is addressed by using lazy loading in conjunction with write through, which adds data or updates data in the cache whenever data is written to the database. You may also use CloudFront to optimize your caching. By default, CloudFront doesn't consider headers when caching your objects in edge locations. If your origin returns two objects and they differ only by the values in the request headers, CloudFront caches only one version of the object

Explanation

64 / 75

You have determined specific instances will need to be resized by either scaling the instance(s) up or down.

What basic rules apply when resizing EC2 instances? (Choose 2 answers

Instances need to be from the same AMI

Instances with limited storage compatibility require migration instead of resizing

Instances need to have the same virtualization type

You can only resize spot or on-demand instances but not reserved instances

Explanation

When you resize an instance, you must select an instance type that is compatible with the configuration of the instance. If the instance type that you want is not compatible with the instance configuration you have, then you must migrate your application to a new instance with the instance type that you need. As your needs change, you might find that your instance is over-utilized (the instance type is too small) or under-utilized (the instance type is too large). If this is the case, you can change the size of your instance. For example, if your t2.micro instance is too small for its workload, you can change it to an m3. medium instance

Explanation

65 / 75

Reduce the frequency of automatic backups.

Increase the IOPs on the replication instance.

Enable multi-availability zones on the target database instance.

Turn off all logging on the target database

Explanation

Turning off automatic backups or logging on the target database during the migration will help increase the speed of the initial migration load.

Explanation

Turning off automatic backups or logging on the target database during the migration will help increase the speed of the initial migration load.

66 / 75

An organization has launched five instances: two for production and three for testing. The organization wants a particular group of IAM users to access only the test instances and not the production ones. They want to deploy the instances in various locations based on the factors that will change from time to time, especially in the test group. They expect instances will often be deleted and replaced, especially in the testing group. This means the five instances they have created now will soon be replaced by a different set of five instances. The members of each group, production, and testing will not change in the foreseeable future.

Given the situation, what choice below is the most efficient and time-saving strategy to define the IAM policy? (Choose 2 answers)

Add a condition to the IAM policy that allows access to the configured tags for the ‘test’ environment

Launch the test and production instances in separate regions and allowing region wise access to the group

Define the IAM policy that allows access based on the instance ID

Configure tags on the instances in each environment defining which are ‘test’ and which are ‘production’

Explanation

AWS Identity and Access Management is a web service that allows organizations to manage users and user permissions for various AWS services. The user can add conditions as a part of the IAM policies. The condition can be set on AWS Tags, Time, and Client IP as well as on various parameters. If the organization wants the user to access only specific instances, he should define proper tags and add to the IAM policy condition. The sample policy is shown below.
"Statement": [ { "Action": "ec2:*", "Effect": "Allow", "Resource": "*", "Condition": { "StringEquals": { "ec2:ResourceTag/InstanceType": "Production" } } } ]

Explanation

67 / 75

Attach an Internet gateway to the VPC and add a default route to the IGW in public subnet's route table

Make sure the instance has a public IP address

Edit security group to allow traffic to and from the internet on required ports

Create a new record set and custom domain name for the new instance in Route 53

Explanation

Attach an Internet gateway to your VPC.
Ensure that your subnet's route table points to the Internet gateway.
Ensure that instances in your subnet have a globally unique IP address (public IPv4 address, Elastic IP address, or IPv6 address).
Ensure that your network access control and security group rules allow the relevant traffic to flow to and from your instance

Explanation

Attach an Internet gateway to your VPC.
Ensure that your subnet's route table points to the Internet gateway.
Ensure that instances in your subnet have a globally unique IP address (public IPv4 address, Elastic IP address, or IPv6 address).
Ensure that your network access control and security group rules allow the relevant traffic to flow to and from your instance

68 / 75

Create an auto scaling group of EC2 instances with custom and specialized authentication and authorization logic using SSL and JWT tokens to perform user authentication and authorization.

Configure Amazon CloudFront in association with AWS WAF to perform user authentication and authorization

Configure Amazon Cognito together with IAM Roles and Policies, leverage the AWS Mobile SDK within the mobile chat app to perform user authentication and authorization

Explanation

69 / 75

Create your VPCs with instance tenancy of dedicated. This will ensure that all instances launched in VPC are dedicated

Create a golden AMI of the dedicated instance and enforce this AMI as the base for any new instance in your environment. This guarantees that all instances created based on the AMI will be dedicated

Create a dedicated Placement Group and associate all new instances with this placement group at launch time. All instances launched in a dedicated placement group will be dedicated

Create a CloudFormation template that has the EC2 Instance Tenancy attribute as dedicated and always use it to launch any new instance

Explanation

70 / 75

You are configuring Amazon Route 53 to route traffic destined for yourwebsite.com to an Application Load Balancer that is configured to distribute traffic in two availability zones in the same AWS region. Which record set should you edit to point traffic for yourwebsite.com to your Application Load Balancer? Select the answer that is the most cost-effective and scalable.

CNAME

Alias

Explanation

yourwebsite.com is a zone apex. Alias record sets can be used to set a zone apex, but CNAME records cannot. Additionally, queries to Alias records that are mapped to an ELB are free. A records are used to map IPv4 addresses to FQDNs, the IP address of the ELB may change. MX records are used for email servers.

Explanation

71 / 75

Amazon EMR

Amazon Kinesis

Amazon Elasticsearch

AWS Data Pipeline

Explanation

72 / 75

Your engineers are concerned about application availability during in-place updates to a live Elastic Beanstalk stack. You advise them to consider a blue/green deployment and then list the necessary steps to carry out this deployment. Which steps are valid to include? (Choose 3 answers)

From the new environment’s dashboard, swap environmental URLs and click Swap

Deploy the new version of the application

From the new environment’s dashboard, choose Restart Environment

Clone your current environment

Explanation

Blue/green deployments resolve application unavailability during updates.

To perform a blue/green deployment:

Open the Elastic Beanstalk console.
Clone your current environment, or launch a new environment running the desired configuration.
Deploy the new application version to the new environment.
Test the new version in the new environment.
From the new environment's dashboard, choose Actions and then choose Swap Environment URLs.

Explanation

Blue/green deployments resolve application unavailability during updates.

To perform a blue/green deployment:

Open the Elastic Beanstalk console.
Clone your current environment, or launch a new environment running the desired configuration.
Deploy the new application version to the new environment.
Test the new version in the new environment.
From the new environment's dashboard, choose Actions and then choose Swap Environment URLs.

73 / 75

Your company wants to migrate an on-premises SQL Server DB to AWS RDS SQL Server. As the DBA, you have determined that your database can be offline while the backup is created, copied, and restored. You decide to use native backup and restore. Which steps are required during setup? (Choose 3 answers)

Add the SQLSERVER_BACKUP_RESTORE option to an option group on your DB instance.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket for your backup files

Create an AWS IAM role for access to the S3 bucket

Turn on compression for your backup files by running “exec rdsadmin..rds_set_configuration ‘S3 backup compression’, ‘true.’”

Explanation

There are three components you'll need to set up for native backup and restore: an Amazon S3 bucket to store your backup files; an AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) role to access the bucket, and the SQLSERVER_BACKUP_RESTORE option added to an option group on your DB instance.

Explanation

74 / 75

You have been assigned to a client who has an existing AWS cloud environment. They are already using CloudFormation to deploy web dev, test, and production environments. You immediately recognize that they are using the same CloudFormation template for dev and production. The Project Plan calls for major performance testing at the end of the project and the client wants to cut cost wherever possible. You recommend using smaller EC2 instances for the Developers dev environments. What section of a CloudFormation template can you use to deploy variable sized instances depending on the environment?

Mappings

Conditions

Metadata

Transform

Explanation

The conditions section of a CloudFormation template defines conditions that control whether certain resources are created or whether certain resource properties are assigned a value during stack creation or update. For example, you could conditionally create a resource that depends on whether the stack is for a production or test environment

Explanation

75 / 75

You are developing a new application in which you need to transfer files over long distances between client-side storage and an S3 bucket. You decide to try sending data to the S3 bucket using S3 Transfer Acceleration. What must you do to achieve this? (Choose 2 answers)

Use the SDK S3 accelerate upload commands

Use the CLI S3 accelerate upload commands.

Use the new accelerate endpoints to transfer your data to S3.

Turn on S3 Transfer Acceleration for the bucket.

Explanation

After you turn on S3 Transfer Acceleration for a bucket, two new endpoints are created for the bucket: one for IPv4 and one for IPv6. You can use either the accelerate endpoints or the standard endpoints if you choose not to use the accelerate feature.

Explanation

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